Browse by concept derived · unofficial · model · unreviewed

Neutral legal concepts and the provisions across the corpus that address each. Tags are a model pass awaiting human review; they describe what a provision is about and take no doctrinal position.

freedom_of_exploration_and_use (20)

Freedom to explore and use outer space by all States; province/benefit of all; freedom of scientific investigation.

US Space Resource Act (51 U.S.C. ch. 513): §51302 Commercial exploration and commercial recovery
Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 1; Paragraph 2
Direct Broadcasting Principles: Paragraph 5
Remote Sensing Principles: Principle II; Principle IV
Benefits Declaration: Paragraph 1
Moon Agreement: Article 4; Article 6; Article 8; Article 9
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 4; Article 6; Article 8; Article 9
Outer Space Treaty: Article I
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article I
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article I
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article I
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article I

non_appropriation (9)

Outer space and celestial bodies not subject to national appropriation by sovereignty, use, occupation or other means.

Luxembourg Space Resources Law (2017): Art. 1er
Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 3
Moon Agreement: Article 11
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 11
Outer Space Treaty: Article II
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article II
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article II
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article II
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article II

peaceful_use_and_non_militarization (16)

Peaceful purposes; prohibition of WMD/weapons; no military bases; no intentional harmful acts.

Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 4
Direct Broadcasting Principles: Paragraph 3
Moon Agreement: Article 2; Article 3
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 2; Article 3
Outer Space Treaty: Article III; Article IV
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article III; Article IV
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article III; Article IV
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article III; Article IV
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article III; Article IV

state_responsibility_and_supervision (56)

International responsibility of States for national activities, including authorization and continuing supervision of non-governmental entities.

French Space Operations Act (2008, consolidated): Art. 2; Art. 3; Art. 4; Art. 6; Art. 7; Art. 7-1; Art. 8; Art. 9; Art. 10; Art. 11; Art. 11-2; Art. 23; Art. 24; Art. 25
Luxembourg Space Resources Law (2017): Art. 2; Art. 3; Art. 4; Art. 5; Art. 6; Art. 7; Art. 8; Art. 9; Art. 10; Art. 11; Art. 12; Art. 14; Art. 15; Art. 18
US Space Resource Act (51 U.S.C. ch. 513): §51302 Commercial exploration and commercial recovery
Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 5
Direct Broadcasting Principles: Paragraph 5; Paragraph 8; Paragraph 9
Remote Sensing Principles: Principle XIV
Nuclear Power Sources Principles: Principle 8
LTS Guidelines: Guideline A.1; Guideline A.2; Guideline A.3
Liability Convention: Article XXII
Convention sur la responsabilité (Liability Convention, French authentic text): Article XXII
Moon Agreement: Article 14; Article 16
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 14; Article 16
Outer Space Treaty: Article VI; Article XIII
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article VI; Article XIII
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article VI; Article XIII
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article VI; Article XIII
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article VI; Article XIII
Registration Convention: Article VII
Convention sur l'immatriculation (Registration Convention, French authentic text): Article VII

jurisdiction_and_control (10)

Retention of jurisdiction and control over space objects and personnel; ownership of objects.

French Space Operations Act (2008, consolidated): Art. 3; Art. 11-2
Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 7
Moon Agreement: Article 12
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 12
Outer Space Treaty: Article VIII
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article VIII
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article VIII
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article VIII
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article VIII

registration (17)

Registration of space objects in national and UN registries; furnishing of identifying information.

French Space Operations Act (2008, consolidated): Art. 12
Remote Sensing Principles: Principle IX
LTS Guidelines: Guideline A.5
Registration Convention: Article I; Article II; Article III; Article IV; Article V; Article VI; Article VII
Convention sur l'immatriculation (Registration Convention, French authentic text): Article I; Article II; Article III; Article IV; Article V; Article VI; Article VII

liability_and_damage (58)

Responsibility/liability for damage caused by space objects; compensation; claims procedures.

French Space Operations Act (2008, consolidated): Art. 1; Art. 6; Art. 13; Art. 13-1; Art. 14; Art. 15; Art. 16; Art. 17; Art. 18; Art. 19; Art. 20
Luxembourg Space Resources Law (2017): Art. 10; Art. 16
Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 8
Nuclear Power Sources Principles: Principle 9
Liability Convention: Article I; Article II; Article III; Article IV; Article V; Article VI; Article VII; Article VIII; Article IX; Article X; Article XI; Article XII; Article XIII; Article XIV; Article XVIII; Article XXII
Convention sur la responsabilité (Liability Convention, French authentic text): Article I; Article II; Article III; Article IV; Article V; Article VI; Article VII; Article VIII; Article IX; Article X; Article XI; Article XII; Article XIII; Article XIV; Article XVIII; Article XXII
Moon Agreement: Article 14
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 14
Outer Space Treaty: Article VII
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article VII
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article VII
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article VII
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article VII
Registration Convention: Article VI
Convention sur l'immatriculation (Registration Convention, French authentic text): Article VI
Rescue Agreement: Article 5
Accord sur le sauvetage (Rescue Agreement, French authentic text): Article 5

rescue_and_return (16)

Rescue and return of astronauts/personnel in distress; assistance.

Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 9
Moon Agreement: Article 10
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 10
Outer Space Treaty: Article V
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article V
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article V
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article V
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article V
Rescue Agreement: Article 1; Article 2; Article 3; Article 4
Accord sur le sauvetage (Rescue Agreement, French authentic text): Article 1; Article 2; Article 3; Article 4

abandonment_and_salvage (12)

Ownership, recovery and return of space objects (and parts) found beyond the launching State's limits.

Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 7
Moon Agreement: Article 12; Article 13
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 12; Article 13
Outer Space Treaty: Article VIII
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article VIII
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article VIII
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article VIII
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article VIII
Rescue Agreement: Article 5
Accord sur le sauvetage (Rescue Agreement, French authentic text): Article 5

resource_rights (9)

Rights over natural resources of celestial bodies; exploitation; common-heritage regime; samples.

Luxembourg Space Resources Law (2017): Art. 1er; Art. 3
US Space Resource Act (51 U.S.C. ch. 513): §51301 Definitions; §51302 Commercial exploration and commercial recovery; §51303 Asteroid resource and space resource rights
Moon Agreement: Article 6; Article 11
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 6; Article 11

environmental_protection_and_debris (21)

Protection of the space and Earth environment; harmful contamination; space debris mitigation; long-term sustainability.

French Space Operations Act (2008, consolidated): Art. 5
Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 6
Remote Sensing Principles: Principle X
Nuclear Power Sources Principles: Principle 3
COPUOS Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines: Guideline 1; Guideline 2; Guideline 3; Guideline 4; Guideline 5; Guideline 6; Guideline 7
LTS Guidelines: Guideline B.3; Guideline D.1; Guideline D.2
Moon Agreement: Article 7
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 7
Outer Space Treaty: Article IX
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article IX
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article IX
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article IX
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article IX

international_cooperation_and_transparency (108)

International cooperation; information-sharing; notification; consultation; benefit-sharing; capacity-building; openness.

Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 4; Paragraph 6
Direct Broadcasting Principles: Paragraph 1; Paragraph 2; Paragraph 3; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 10; Paragraph 11; Paragraph 12; Paragraph 13; Paragraph 14
Remote Sensing Principles: Principle V; Principle VI; Principle VII; Principle VIII; Principle IX; Principle X; Principle XI; Principle XII; Principle XIII
Nuclear Power Sources Principles: Principle 4; Principle 5; Principle 6; Principle 7
Benefits Declaration: Paragraph 1; Paragraph 2; Paragraph 3; Paragraph 4; Paragraph 5; Paragraph 6; Paragraph 7; Paragraph 8
LTS Guidelines: Guideline A.4; Guideline B.1; Guideline B.2; Guideline B.3; Guideline B.6; Guideline B.7; Guideline B.9; Guideline C.1; Guideline C.2; Guideline C.3; Guideline C.4; Guideline D.1
Liability Convention: Article XXI
Convention sur la responsabilité (Liability Convention, French authentic text): Article XXI
Moon Agreement: Article 4; Article 5; Article 9; Article 13; Article 15
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 4; Article 5; Article 9; Article 13; Article 15
Outer Space Treaty: Article I; Article III; Article V; Article IX; Article X; Article XI; Article XII; Article XIII
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article I; Article III; Article V; Article IX; Article X; Article XI; Article XII; Article XIII
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article I; Article III; Article V; Article IX; Article X; Article XI; Article XII; Article XIII
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article I; Article III; Article V; Article IX; Article X; Article XI; Article XII; Article XIII
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article I; Article III; Article V; Article IX; Article X; Article XI; Article XII; Article XIII
Registration Convention: Article III; Article IV; Article VI
Convention sur l'immatriculation (Registration Convention, French authentic text): Article III; Article IV; Article VI
Rescue Agreement: Article 1; Article 2; Article 5
Accord sur le sauvetage (Rescue Agreement, French authentic text): Article 1; Article 2; Article 5

dispute_settlement_and_consultation (31)

Consultation and settlement of disputes; claims commissions; arbitration.

Declaration of Legal Principles: Paragraph 6
Direct Broadcasting Principles: Paragraph 7; Paragraph 10; Paragraph 13
Remote Sensing Principles: Principle XIII; Principle XV
Nuclear Power Sources Principles: Principle 6; Principle 10
Liability Convention: Article XI; Article XIV; Article XV; Article XVI; Article XVII; Article XVIII; Article XIX; Article XX
Convention sur la responsabilité (Liability Convention, French authentic text): Article XI; Article XIV; Article XV; Article XVI; Article XVII; Article XVIII; Article XIX; Article XX
Moon Agreement: Article 15
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 15
Outer Space Treaty: Article IX
Tratado sobre el espacio ultraterrestre (OST, Spanish authentic text): Article IX
Traité sur l'espace extra-atmosphérique (OST, French authentic text): Article IX
Договор по космосу (OST, Russian authentic text): Article IX
外层空间条约 (OST, Chinese authentic text): Article IX

safety_of_space_operations (25)

Safety of operations; conjunction assessment; collision avoidance; re-entry safety; nuclear-power-source and operational safety.

French Space Operations Act (2008, consolidated): Art. 4; Art. 5; Art. 8
Nuclear Power Sources Principles: Principle 3; Principle 4; Principle 5; Principle 7
COPUOS Space Debris Mitigation Guidelines: Guideline 2; Guideline 3; Guideline 4; Guideline 5
LTS Guidelines: Guideline A.4; Guideline B.1; Guideline B.2; Guideline B.4; Guideline B.5; Guideline B.6; Guideline B.7; Guideline B.8; Guideline B.9; Guideline B.10
Moon Agreement: Article 10
Accord sur la Lune (Moon Agreement, French authentic text): Article 10
Rescue Agreement: Article 5
Accord sur le sauvetage (Rescue Agreement, French authentic text): Article 5